Loss-Of-Coolant Accident.
A LOCA is a hypothetical accident in a PWR caused by a break in the primary system. This break leads to a pressure drop in the primary system and loss of coolant, which in turn causes the fuel rods to heat up. This heating must remain limited otherwise damage to the fuel rods could compromise core cooling and result in meltdown. The loss-of-coolant accident is used to design the safety injection system, and mechanical components for the primary system and reactor containment.